OIL AND GAS

In 1859 when Colonel Edwin Drake struck oil in Pennsylvania, the date that marks the entrance to this important resource in the industrial era.

Around 1830-1850, they were discovered oil shale properties, finding a better fuel for lamps led to a high demand for 'rock oil' or oil, since the mid-nineteenth century scientists developed several processes for use commercial. George Diesel in 1850, was one of them and sold as a medicinal elixir. Diesel sends the substance to a group of scholars, then this oil is distilled and made into kerosene. Later oil is on land in larger quantities, so kerosene is produced large quantities.

By 1860, there were 15 refineries kerosene, and this is the main source of energy for Latin America and Europe.

As the gasoline market grew, new oil fields were needed, which were found in California, forming the Union Oil Company. But this was not enough to meet the high demand, which is predicted for the future, so it needed a great source of oil. Pattillo Higgins, American visionary, thought he could find the precious "black gold" in the bedrock of the Earth.

In 1911, in the village of Spilbenton, there was a great use of oil and increasing gasoline octane, with input from Higgins. It came to collect up to 100,000 barrels / day.

In 1914, the 1st World War began, in the US incursionaba three years later. For this reason, new war machines such as tanks war (1915) and planes (gasoline vehicles) were invented.



With the discovery of the plane, you could get a broader, very useful for geologists view of the ground. Another useful invention was the seismograph, with which waves were measured below the earth, helping to detect the underground.

At the outbreak of the 2nd World War (1940-1941), USA He had a large armed based on oil. For the best transport it was built the BIG PIPELINE OF GREAT inch. In 1942, Germany attacked American tanks with the help of its submarines; whereby a long pipeline is constructed 1320km north US (Houston-Illinois-Philadelphia-New York).

The coastal areas of California were also explored, finding oil in them. From this discovery the idea of ​​finding offshore crude emerged. Robert Karn and his partner, drilled piers offshore in 1890. But at that time there was no machinery to work at sea. Because of this drawback, Robert Hill and improvised technology, also using naval ships. 17km of Louisiana, in the Gulf of Mexico crude oil was discovered.
The excavation in the ocean was 5 times more expensive than on land.

In 1947, the world's largest platform is built 240km southwest of New Orleans, with an area of ​​11 583m2. 60 wells were 1550m below the sea.


THE GAS

After the discovery of oil, began to envision what could serve as one of its lighter fractions, which is gasoline.

Upon discovering the internal combustion engine, it started the car boom, creating a huge market for gas, which was used as fuel. The most famous model was devised by Henry Ford.



Gradually refineries were increased, obtaining gasoline in huge amounts, being known worldwide, as it was necessary for the use of vehicles.

It came into effect CLEAN AIR ACT, which required clean burning gasoline. With the catalysts of heat, lead in gasoline is removed, obtaining a purified and cleaner gasoline. Due to the high CO2 pollution it is to follow an approach to reducing emissions, increasing you ethanol.

Currently, there is a new direction for gasoline (bio diesel), which involves removing natural fuel from animal fat and soybeans. Also to reduce contamination you want to start the hydrogen economy, which would help to significantly reduce emissions.