What you should know about oil

Oil is a fossil fuel, flammable, oily and less energy dense than water (between 0.66 g / ml to 0.95 g / ml) and insoluble in it and is the main source of energy in the world today.

Oil

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It can have different shapes and color viscosity, depending on the concentrations of hydrocarbons composing the mixture.

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It consists homogeneously aromatic organic molecules of carbon and hydrogen mostly paraffins, naphthenes, and methane (50% to 97%), nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur (6% to 10%) and small amounts of metals such as copper , nickel, vanadium and iron (1%). Their general formula is C (n) H (2n + 2) and commercially measured in "barrels" of 42 US gallons, equivalent to 158.99 liters

What you should know about oil

Oil

It began to form more than 300 million years mainly algae and protozoa vegetables that are found in large amounts in oceans, fresh water swamps ago.

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Through photosynthesis, these organisms convert light energy and inorganic matter in organic molecules (sugars, lipids and others) and other products such as carbon dioxide stored chemical energy in their molecular bonds.

As these organisms expelled their products or died, settled and sedimented in the sea or body of water and partially decomposed by bacteria in the absence of oxygen, these enormous amounts of organic material is called "mobs".

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Eventually, these mobs were coated with layers of mud, silt and rocks between 600 and 5,000 meters deep geological Earth processes generating high pressures and temperatures exerted on the "mobs" changing its chemical composition until finally the oxygen , nitrogen, sulfur and water out of the peat leaving small and stable molecules with high concentration of carbon and energy stored in large links. This process can take anywhere from hundreds to millions of years.

What you should know about oil

Oil

Once formed the oil, because it is less dense (between 0.75 ton / m3 and 0.95 t / m3) water flows into the crust through the pores of the sediments that contain it, but often encounter layers rock, sand or clay that prevent their migration, so the oil is trapped and forms a reservoir or oil reserves.

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The most important oil producers in the world are the US, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Kuwait, Libya, Iraq, Kazakhstan, China and the United Arab Emirates.

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The oil is classified according to its origin (Europe Brent, West Texas United States, Dubai Asia Pacific) and also according to their density (light, medium, heavy and extra-heavy) and according to their number sulfur content.

What you should know about oil

Oil

Many petroleum products we use in our daily life one way or another. The chemical and electrical industry are two that are supplied by the same supply coming from refineries through pipelines and by road from deposits.

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There are many petroleum but ninety percent of them are intended to cover the energy needs worldwide, these are called fuels.

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What you should know about oil

Besides being used as transport fuel excellence (85% of the total used for this purpose), is an essential raw material for various products such as fibers, rubber, plastics, soaps, asphalt, printing inks, fabrics, fertilizers polymers among others.

Oil

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Of oil production currently 45% for gasoline cars, 29% and diesel fuels and oils heat, 21% other products such as chemicals, synthetic rubber and plastics, 9% as jet fuel and 2.4% is used as asphalt.